POWER TRANSMISSION TRANSFORMERS TYPES

 

Power Transformers

Rated power: from ≤ 100 MVA to > 400 MVA

Application areas: power generation, power transmission, industry, infrastructure

Features: Available in special low noise version, designed to be highly efficient with “green” transformer options

Reactors

Rated power: from ≤ 10 MVA to > 400 MVA

Application area: power transmission

Features: Available in special low noise version, designed to be highly efficient with “green” transformer options

Transformers for Industrial Applications

Rated power: from ≤ 10 MVA to > 400 MVA

Application area: industry

Phase Shifting Transformers

Rated power: from ≤ 10 MVA to > 400 MVA

Application area: power transmission, industry

Features: Available in special low noise version, designed to be highly efficient with “green” transformer options

HVDC Transformers

Rated power: from ≤ 10 MVA to > 400 MVA

Application area: power transmission

Features: Available in special low noise version, designed to be highly efficient with “green” transformer options

Distribution Transformers

Rated power: from 5 kVA bis ≤ 30 MVA

Application areas: distribution MV, industry, infrastructure

Features: Designed to be highly efficient with a “green” transformer option

Cast-Resin Transformers

Fluid-Immersed Distribution Transformers

Voltage regulator

Traction Transformers

Rated power: ≤ 10 MVA

Application area: mobility

Types of Ammeter

Moving-coil

Moving magnet

Hot Wire 

Digital

Integrating

Picoammeter

types of starter ?

 

Stator resistance starter.

Autotransformer starter.

Star-delta starter.

Direct on-line starter.

Soft Starter.

Types of MCB ?

 Types of MCB based on Tripping Characteristics

Type	Tripping Current	Operating Time
Type B	3 To 5 times the full load current	0.04 To 13 Sec
Type C	5 To 10 times the full load current	0.04 To 5 Sec
Type D	10 To 20 times the full load current	0.04 To 3 Sec
Type K	8 To 12 times the full load current	<0.1 Sec

 MCB 

MINI MCB

Types of motor controls?

 There are four basic motor controller and drive types: AC, DC, servo, and stepper, each having an input power type modified to the desired output function to match with an application. From left to right, an AC servo motor, a DC brush-less motor, and a stepper motor.

Types of WIRES AND CABLES

 

WIRES & CABLES

Industrial Braided

Building Wires

Instrumentation Cables

LV Control

Submersible Cables

Fire Survival

Data Communication

WIRES & CABLES

Single-Core Industrial

Multi-Core Industrial

MV Power Cable

Solar DC

Submersible Flat

Welding Cables

Auto Cables

Types of Motors

 

3 PHASE INDUCTION

Standard Electric Motor

Brake Motor

Cooling Tower Motors

Dual Speed Motor

Flameproof Motors

Pinion Shaft Gear Motors

Round Shaft Gear Motor

1 PHASE INDUCTION

Pinion Shaft Brake

Pinion Shaft C&B

Pinion Shaft Induction

Pinion Shaft Reversible

Pinion Shaft Speed Brake

Pinion Shaft Variable Speed

Round Shaft Induction

Types of Electrical Insulator

Pin Insulator

Suspension Insulator

Strain Insulator

Stay Insulator

Shackle Insulator

Types of HVDC links

Monopolar link 

Bipolar link

Homopolar link

Types of Earth-leakage circuit breaker

There are two types of Earth-leakage circuit breaker:

voltage-operated (as ELCB ) 

current operated ( as RCCB )

Types of Electrical Bus bar System

A busbar is designed and accordingly manufactured, sufficiently rigid to efficiently support its own weight, and numerous forces imposed by mechanical vibration and also the electromechanical forces provided during a short circuit. The insulated busbars are totally enclosed in metallic enclosures of GI or Aluminum.

Used in a variety of configurations, busbars come in a multitude of shapes and sizes such as solid bars, flat strips, or rods and are commonly composed of copper, aluminum, and brass. Their cross-sectional size and material composition determine the amount of current that can be safely carried by the busbar.

Types of Electrical Bus bar System

Single Bus-Bar Arrangement. ...

Single Bus Bar Arrangement with Bus Sectionalizing. ...

Main and Transfer Bus Arrangement. ...

Double Bus Double Breaker Arrangement. ...

Sectionalized Double Bus Arrangement. ...

One-and-a-Half Breaker Arrangement. ...

Ring Main Arrangement. ...

Mesh Arrangement.

When selecting busbars, be sure to check its maximum temperature, amp rating, size, and VAC rating. It is equally important to determine whether you need to purchase an enclosure or a cover for the busbar system.

Applications of Busbar

Some of the basic applications of Busbars include:

Industries

Hospitals

Power Plants

Data centers

Laboratories

Apartments

Retail facilities

Institutions

Metros

Railways

Technology settings

Busbars are popular because of:

Reduced Facility Costs: The installation of busbars is comparatively less expensive and there are no outside labor costs for electrical specialists. They don’t require routine maintenance and are less costly for remodeling or expansion.

Easy and Faster Installation: Busbars are installed easily and quickly with no downtime.

Environmentally Friendly: Depending upon the type, the busbars require only a few installation materials, and plug-in outlets are reusable and re-locatable.

Secure & Reliable: It replaces the cable distribution system which has its own complication for a fire hazard.

Types of Substation

Transmission substation transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines

Distribution substation distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area.

Collector substation the collector substation steps up voltage to a transmission voltage for the grid. The collector substation can also provide power factor correction if it is needed, metering, and control of the wind farm. In some special cases a collector substation can also contain an HVDC converter station. Collector substations also exist where multiple thermal or hydroelectric power plants of comparable output power are in proximity.

Converter substations Converter substations may be associated with HVDC converter plants, traction current, or interconnected non-synchronous networks. These stations contain power electronic devices to change the frequency of current, or else convert from alternating to direct current or the reverse. Formerly rotary converters changed frequency to interconnect two systems;

Switching station A switching station is a substation without transformers and operating only at a single voltage level. Switching stations are sometimes used as collector and distribution stations. Sometimes they are used for switching the current to back-up lines or for parallelizing circuits in case of failure.

Railways Electrified railways also use substations, often distribution substations. In some cases a conversion of the current type takes place, commonly with rectifiers for direct current (DC) trains, or rotary converters for trains using alternating current (AC) at frequencies other than that of the public grid. Sometimes they are also transmission substations or collector substations if the railway network also operates its own grid and generators to supply the other stations.

Mobile substation A mobile substation is a substation on wheels, containing a transformer, breakers and buswork mounted on a self-contained semi-trailer, meant to be pulled by a truck. They are designed to be compact for travel on public roads, and are used for temporary backup in times of natural disaster or war. Mobile substations are usually rated much lower than permanent installations, and may be built in several units to meet road travel limitations

Types of current transformers

There are three basic types of current transformers: wound, toroidal, and bar.

Wound Current Transformer – The transformers primary winding is physically connected in series with the conductor that carries the measured current flowing in the circuit. The magnitude of the secondary current is dependent on the turns ratio of the transformer.

Toroidal Current Transformer – These do not contain a primary winding. Instead, the line that carries the current flowing in the network is threaded through a window or hole in the toroidal transformer. Some current transformers have a “split core” which allows it to be opened, installed, and closed, without disconnecting the circuit to which they are attached.

Bar-type Current Transformer – This type of current transformer uses the actual cable or bus-bar of the main circuit as the primary winding, which is equivalent to a single turn. They are fully insulated from the high operating voltage of the system and are usually bolted to the current-carrying device.

Current transformers can reduce or “step-down” current levels from thousands of amperes down to the standard output of a known ratio to either 5 Amps or 1 Amp for normal operation. Thus, small and accurate instruments and control devices can be used with CT’s because they are insulated away from any high-voltage power lines. There are a variety of metering applications and uses for current transformers such as with Wattmeter’s, power factor meters, watt-hour meters, protective relays, or as trip coils in magnetic circuit breakers, or MCB’s.

 

What are different types of Control Systems ?

 Two major types of Control Systems are 

1) Open-loop Control System 

2) Closed-Loop Control Systems

 Open-loop Control Systems: The Open-loop Control System is one in which the Output Quantity has no effect on the Input Quantity. No feedback is present from the output quantity to the input quantity for correction. 

Closed-Loop Control System: The Closed-loop Control System is one in which the feedback is provided from the Output quantity to the input quantity for the correction so as to maintain the desired output of the system.

D.C. Generators Types ?

 D.C. Generators are classified into two types 

1) Separately excited d.c.generator 

2) Self-excited d.c.generator, which is further classified into; 

1) series 

2) shunt and 

3) Compound (which is further classified into cumulative and differential)

Transformers cooling system types?

 1. ONAN (oil natural, air natural) 

2. ONAF (oil natural, air forced) 

3. OFAF (oil forced, air forced)

4. ODWF (oil direct, water forced) 

5. OFAN (oil forced, air forced)

TRANSFORMERS TYPES

 

TRANSFORMERS TYPES

 1-Power Transformer

2- Instrument Transformer

3-Pulse Transformer

4-RF Transformer

5-IF Transformer

6-Audio Transformer

7-Other Transformers

POWER TRANSMISSION TRANSFORMERS

Types of CIRCUIT BREAKERS

 A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.

The DIN rail-mounted thermal-magnetic miniature circuit breaker is the most common style in modern domestic consumer units and commercial electrical distribution boards throughoutEurope. The desigN includes the following components:

Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect low-current circuits or individual household appliance, up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. The generic function of a circuit breaker, or fuse, as an automatic means of removing power from a faulty system is often abbreviated as OCPD (Over Current Protection Device).

Types Circuit breakers

1 Low-voltage

2 Solid-state

3 Magnetic

4 Thermal-magnetic

5 Magnetic-hydraulic

6 Common trip (ganged) breakers

7 Shunt-trip units

8 Medium-voltage

9 High-voltage

10 Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) high-voltage

11 Disconnecting circuit breaker (DCB)

12 Carbon dioxide (CO2) high-voltage

13 "Smart" circuit breakers

14 Other breakers

High Voltage circuit breakers

MCCB

RCCB

Air Circuit breaker

Oil circuit breaker

Vacuum circuit breakers

SF6 Circuit breakers

Single pole circuit breaker