difference between STS and ATS ?

 A Static Transfer Switch (STS) utilizes a static electronic component (SCR), which permits a transfer in less than four milliseconds (1/4 of an electrical cycle). ... On the other hand, an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) relies on moving parts and makes a significantly slower transfer than Static Transfer Switches.

Static Transfer Switch (STS) is a Static Electric device designed to automatically transfer load for the preferred power source to the standby power source connected to its input in case of disruption in the former and visa versa without any interruption of server room load.

Automatic transfer switches act as the "brain" of your entire electrical system. Once installed, they can automatically switch between electricity coming from your utility and generator power. When the transfer switch detects a power outage, it switches your home to generator power.

Difference between Electromagnet and Permanent Magnet

 

Basis for Comparison	Electromagnet	Permanent Magnet
Generation of the magnetic field	Due to electric current	Due to material characteristics when magnetized.
Strength of magnetic field	The strength of the field depends on the total current flowing through the solenoid or coil.	Here the magnetic field strength solely relies on the respective material.
Magnetization	Temporary	Permanent
Type of material used	Generally the soft iron core	Usually, it makes use of hard material.
Demagnetization	It is demagnetized when the flow of current is stopped.	The material is demagnetized when it is subjected to extremely high temperatures.
The requirement of external power	Exist	Not Exist
Magnetic field retention	The field is retained till the time current flows through the material	These materials retain the field all the time.
Cost	Low	Comparatively high
Poles of the magnet	Can be varied.	Here the poles can never be changed.
Example	A solenoid across an iron	Bar Magnet
Applications	Electric bells, loudspeakers, motors, etc.	Cell phones, headphones, sensors, etc.

Difference between MAGNETIC CIRCUIT and ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

 

BASIS	MAGNETIC CIRCUIT	ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
Definition	The closed path for magnetic flux is called a magnetic circuit.	The closed path for electric current is called an electric circuit.
Relation Between Flux and Current	Flux = MMF/reluctance	Current = emf/ resistance
Units	Flux φ is measured in weber (wb)	Current I is measured in amperes
MMF and EMF	Magnetomotive force is the driving force and is measured in Ampere turns (AT) Mmf =ʃ H.dl	Electromotive force is the driving force and measured in volts (V) Emf = ʃ E.dl
Reluctance and Resistance	Reluctance opposes the flow of magnetic flux S = l/aµ and measured in (AT/wb)	Resistance opposes the flow of current R = ρ. l/a and measured in (Ώ)
The relation between Permeance and Conduction	Permeance = 1/reluctance	Conduction = 1/ resistance
Analogy	Permeability	Conductivity
Analogy	Reluctivity	Resistivity
Density	Flux density B = φ/a (wb/m2)	Current density J = I/a (A/m2)
Intensity	Magnetic intensity H = NI/l	Electric density E = V/d
Drops	Mmf drop = φS	Voltage drop = IR
Flux and Electrons	In a magnetic circuit, molecular poles are aligned. The flux does not flow but sets up in the magnetic circuit.	In electric circuit electric current flows in the form of electrons.
Examples	For magnetic flux, there is no perfect insulator. It can set up even in non-magnetic materials like air, rubber, glass, etc.	For electric circuits, there are a large number of perfect insulators like glass, air, rubber, PVC, and synthetic resin which do not allow it to flow through them.
Variation of Reluctance and Resistance	The reluctance (S) of a magnetic circuit is not constant rather it varies with the value of B.	The resistance (R) of an electric circuit is almost constant as its value depends upon the value of ρ. The value of ρ and R can change slightly if the change in temperature takes place
The energy in the circuit	Once the magnetic flux sets up in a magnetic circuit, no energy is expanded. Only a small amount of energy is required at the initial stage to creating flux in the circuit.	Energy is expanding continuously, as long as the current flows through the electrical circuit. This energy is dissipated in the form of heat.
Applicable Laws	Kirchhoff flux and MMF law is followed	Kirchhoff voltage and the current law is followed. (KVL and KCL)
Magnetic and Electric lines	Magnetic lines of flux start from the North pole and end at the South pole.	Electric lines or current starts from a positive charge and ends on a negative charge.

Difference between AC Voltage and DC Voltage

 

Basis for Comparison	AC Voltage	DC Voltage
Definition	The AC voltage is the force that derives the alternating current between the two points.	The DC Voltage induces the direct current between the two points.
Symbolic Representation
Frequency	Depends on the country.	Zero
Power Factor	Lies between 0 to 1.	0
Polarity	Changes	Remain Constant
Direction	Vary	Remain the same
Obtained From	Generator	Cell or Battery
Efficiency	High	Low
Passive Parameter	Impedance	Resistance
Amplitude	Have	Don't Have
Conversion	By using the inverter.	By using a rectifier.
Transformer	Requires for transmission.	Not requires.
Phase and Neutral	Have	Don't Have
Advantages	Easy to measure.	Easily amplify

Difference between Eddy current Loss and Hysteresis Loss

 

Basis for Comparison	Eddy current Loss	Hysteresis Loss
Definition	The loss occurs because of the relative motion between the core and the magnetic flux.	The losses which occur because of the reversal of the magnetism is known as the hysteresis loss.
Formula
Occur	Interaction of the magnetic flux and conductor.	Because of the reversal of flux.
Minimizing Method	By making the core of thin lamination.	By using Silicon Steel Material

Difference between Alternator and Generator

 

Basis for Comparison	Alternator	Generator
Definition	A machine that converts mechanical energy into AC electrical power.	A machine that changes mechanical energy into electrical energy (AC or DC).
Current	Induces alternating current	Generate both AC & DC.
Magnetic Field	Rotating	Stationary
Input Supply	Takes from the stator.	Takes from the rotor.
Armature	Stationary	Rotatory
Output EMF	Alternating	Constant
RPM (Rotation per minute)	Wide Range	Narrow Range
Dead Battery	Do not charge	charge
Output	Higher	Lower

Difference between AC Motor and DC Motor

 

BASIS	AC MOTOR	DC MOTOR
Nature of the Input Current	Alternating Current is the main input power in the AC motor	Direct Current is the main input power in the DC motor
Supply Sources	Three-phase or single-phase power from the supply mains	Energy is obtained from batteries, cells, etc.
Commutation Process	Absent in AC motor	Present in DC motor
Supply Phase	Both single-phase and three-phase supply are used	Only single-phase supply is used
Number of terminals	There are 3 input terminals RYB.	There are two input terminals Positive and negative
Carbon brushes	No carbon brushes	There are carbon brushes in the DC Motor
Applications	Suitable for large and industrial applications	DC motor is used in small and domestic applications
Starting	AC Motor is not self-starting. It requires some external starting equipment	DC Motor is self-starting
Position of Armature	The Armature is stationary and the magnetic field rotates	The armature rotates while the magnetic field remains stationary.
Maintenance cost	Less expensive as compared to DC Motor	DC Motor maintenance is more expensive.

Difference Between Stator and Rotor

 

Basis for Comparison	Stator	Rotor
Definition	It is a stationary part of the machine	It is the rotating part of the motor.
Parts	The outer frame, stator core, and stator winding.	Rotor winding and Rotor core
Supply	Three-phase Supply	DC supply
Winding Arrangement	Complex	Easy
Insulation	Heavy	Less
Friction Loss	High	Low
Cooling	Easy	Difficult

Difference between Motor and Generator

 

BASIS	MOTOR	GENERATOR
Function	The Motor converts Electrical energy into Mechanical Energy	The generator converts Mechanical energy to Electrical energy.
Electricity	It uses electricity.	It generates electricity
Driven element	The Shaft of the motor is driven by the magnetic force developed between armature and field.	The Shaft is attached to the rotor and is driven by mechanical force.
Current	In a motor, the current is to be supplied to the armature windings.	In the generator, the current is produced in the armature windings.
Rule Followed	Motor follows Fleming’s Left-hand rule.	The generator follows Fleming’s Right-hand rule.
Example	An electric car or bike is an example of an electric motor.	The energy in the form of electricity is generated at the power stations.