Difference Between Stationary and Progressive Waves

 

Comparison Chart

Basis for Comparison	Stationary Wave	Progressive Wave
Also called	Standing wave	Traveling wave
Basic	Energy is confined within the medium.	The transfer of energy from a location to another within the medium takes place.
Molecular vibration	Each particle of the wave exhibits different vibration at the same instant of time	Each particle of the wave possesses similar vibration at a different instant of time.
Amplitude characteristic of particles	Different	Same
Motion	Not transferable among the particles.	Easily transferred among the particles.
Velocity at mean position	All particles have their own maximum velocity.	All particles have similar maximum velocity.
Crests and Troughs	The crests and troughs of the waveform appear and disappear at the initial position.	The crests and troughs of the waveform move in the forward direction.
Wavelength	Double the distance present between 2 consecutive nodes or anti-nodes.	The distance between the point of similar phase at the similar time instant.

Difference Between Analog and Digital Signals

 

Basis for Comparison	Analog Signal	Digital Signal
Nature	Continuous with time.	Discrete sets at specific time.
Type of Waveform	Sinusoidal waves	Square waves
Representation
Information carried	Continuous range of values.	Discrete value i.e., 0 and 1.
Noise Susceptibility	More	Comparatively less
Processing offered	Easy	Quite complex
Signal polarity	Positive as well as negative	Only positive
Signal encryption	Not required	Required
Bandwidth	Low	Comparatively high
Power required for transmission	More	Less in comparison to analog signal
Rate of data transmission	Slow	Quite fast
Parameters associated	Amplitude, frequency, phase, etc.	Bit rate, bit interval, etc.
Accuracy of information	More	Comparatively less
Examples	Human voice, vision.	Computer data transmission and reception, transmission of signals through cables like telephone.

Difference Between Synchronous and Asynchronous Counter

 

Basis for Comparison	Synchronous Counter	Asynchronous Counter
Also called	Parallel Counter	Serial Counter
Principle of operation	Each flip flop is triggered with same clock signal at the same time.	Each flip flop is triggered with different clock signal at different instant of time.
Decoding errors	Not produced	Produced
Operating speed	Fast	Comparatively slow
Design	Complex	Simple
Delay in signal propagation	Very Low	Comparatively high
Count sequence	Not Fixed	Fixed
Response to clock signal	Each flip-flop changes its state simultaneously.	There is no simultaneous change in the state of all flip flops with change in clock input.
Overall settling time	Maximum settling time out of the settling time of each flip flop in the configuration.	Summation of settling time of each individual flip-flop.
Flip-flop direct interconnection	Not Exist	Exist
Applications	In moving machine controlling, alarms clocks, multiplexing circuits, etc.	In ring and johnson counters, frequency dividers, etc.

Difference Between Voltage & Current

 

Comparison Chart

Basis for Comparison	Voltage	Current
Definition	Difference between two points of an electric field	The flow of charges between two points
Unit	Volt	Ampere
Symbol	V	I
Formula
Field Created	Magnetic Field	Electrostatic Field
Types	Alternating voltage & Direct voltage	Alternating Current and Direct Current
Polarity	Alternating voltage changes, but the direct voltage can not change its polarity.	Alternating current changes its polarity but the polarity of the direct current remains constant.
Produces	Alternator	Voltage
Measuring instrument	Voltmeter	Ammeter
Charges	1 Volt = 1 Joule/ Coulomb	1 Amperes = 1 coulomb /second
Series Connection	Unequal in all the components	Equally distributed in all the component
Parallel Connection	The magnitude of voltage remains same in all the component	The magnitude of current vary in all the components.
Loss	Due to impedance	Due to passive elements
Relation	It is the cause of the current	It is the effect of the voltage

Difference Between Current Transformer (CT) & Potential Transformer (PT)

Comparison Chart

Basis for Comparison	Current Transformer	Potential Transformer
Definition	Transform the current from high value to low value.	Transform the voltage from high value to the low value.
Circuit Symbol
Core	Usually built up with lamination of silicon steel.	It is made up of with high-quality steel operating at low flux densities
Primary Winding	It carries the current which is to be measured	It carries the voltage which is to be measured.
Secondary Winding	It is connected to the current winding of the instrument.	It is connected to the meter or instrument.
Connection	Connected in series with the instrument	Connected in parallel with the instrument.
Primary Circuit	Has a small number of turns	Has a large number of turns
Secondary Circuit	Has a large number of turns and cannot be an open circuit.	Has a small number of turns and can be an open circuit.
Range	5A or 1A	110v
Transformation Ratio	High	Low
Burden	Does not depends on the secondary burden	Depends on the secondary burden
Input	Constant current	Constant Voltage
Full line current	The primary winding consists of the full line current.	The primary winding consists of the full line voltage.
Types	Two types ( Wound and Closed Core )	Two types (Electromagnetic and Capacitor voltage)
Impedance	Low	High
Applications	Measuring current and power, monitoring the power grid operation, for operating protective relay,	Measurement, power source, operating protective relay,

What is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous generator ?

  In simple, synchronous generator supply’s both active and reactive power but asynchronous generator (induction generator) supply’s only active power and observe reactive power for magnetizing. These types of generators are used in windmills.

Difference between a four point starter and three point starter ?

 The shunt connection in the four-point starter is provided separately from the line whereas in three-point stater, it is connected with a line which is the drawback in three-point stater