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Transformer on No load Condition

 


Transformer on No load Condition

No load Transformer means a transformer which has no load connection at secondary winding only normal voltage is applied at the primary winding. Let  V is applied at the primary winding.  After applying A.C voltage V1, it is seen that small amount of current  Iflows through the primary winding. In case of Ideal Transformer, no load primary current (I0) will be equal to magnetizing current (Iµ) of the transformer. We assumed there is no core losses and copper loss, So  I=Iµ . But, in case of actual transformer, there is two losses, i.e  i) Iron Losses   in the core i.e hysteresis loss and eddy current loss  , ii) and a very small amount copper loss in the primary winding.

So, the primary current  I0 has two components:

  1. Iw = Iron loss component which is same ph of applied voltage V1.
  2. Iµ = magnetizing component which is 90⁰ behind V1.

 

Hench, the primary current Iis vector summation of Iµ & Iw , So, we can write that I= (Iµ2 + Iw2)  and  is not a 90⁰ behind  V1, but lags it by an angle  φ < 90⁰  Which is shown in figure. And no load input power,    W 0  = VI0Cose φ0  .   The magnitude of no load primary current is very small as compared to the full-load primary current. It is 1 percent of the full-load current. As  Iis very small, the no load  primary Cu loss is negligible which means that no load primary input is practically equal to the iron loss in the transformer.

  













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